First Documentation of a Volatile Sex Pheromone in a Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambyicidae) of the Primitive Subfamily Prioninae

We conducted laboratory and Þeld studies to test the hypothesis that volatile pheromones mediate mate location in the longhorned beetle Prionus californicusMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambyicidae), an important pest of many agricultural and ornamental plants. Males were strongly attracted to live females and to carcasses of freshly killed females in olfactometer bioassays.Males also responded strongly to excised ovipositors of freshly killed females but not to their excised heads, thoraces, or abdomens. In Þeld studies,maleswere strongly attracted to cages baitedwith live females. These Þndings demonstrate that female P. californicus produce a volatile pheromone from the ovipositor that attracts males over a distance, and they provide the Þrst conclusive evidence of a volatile sex pheromone for a species of the primitive cerambycid subfamily Prioninae.